In 2016, Africa’s tallest tree was discovered in a remote valley on Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. The tree measures 81.5 meters (267 feet) tall with a trunk diameter of 2.55 meters (8 feet). It is estimated to be around 600 years old. The discovery was made by researcher Andreas Hemp, who specializes in plant systematics.
Tiama
It’s surprising to find such a towering tree in this location, as trees exceeding 262 feet (80 meters) are rare in Africa, despite its favorable climate. In contrast, trees of this height are more common in other parts of the world.
Plant Systematics
University of Bayreuth
Given Kilimanjaro’s status as the tallest free-standing mountain in the world, it seems unlikely that the environment at such altitudes would support trees of this size. This makes the discovery of Entandrophragma excelsum, the species to which this tree belongs, particularly remarkable. The species itself is rare, with most specimens in this valley being over 600 years old.
Its common name is Tiama African Mahogany or Mkukusu in Swahili.
These towering trees play a crucial role in Kilimanjaro’s ecosystem. They provide a canopy that shields ferns, undergrowth, and climbing plants from harsh environmental conditions. The valleys where these trees thrive boast rich volcanic soils and abundant rainfall, creating the perfect conditions for their growth.
Medicinal Trees
Additionally, Kilimanjaro is home to several other significant tree species, many of which hold traditional medicinal value. For instance, the African Olive (Olea europaea) and the East African Camphorwood (Ocotea usambarensis) are known for their healing properties. The bark, roots, and leaves of these trees are used in traditional medicine to treat ailments such as fevers, respiratory issues, and digestive problems
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Local communities have relied on these medicinal trees for centuries, integrating them into their cultural and health practices. As such, these trees not only contribute to the biodiversity of the mountain but also support the well-being of those living around it.
For over 20 years, researchers have studied these giant trees, although access to them was initially challenging due to the dense forest. However, advances in research have revealed the extraordinary nature of this ecosystem. Andreas Hemp, a scientist involved in the study, described these trees as “a city in the forest.”
Final Thoughts
While Africa’s tallest tree may not compete with the world’s tallest, it still faces significant threats. Encroachment on the valley where this tree stands poses a risk to its survival. Scientists recommend that the area be added to the Kilimanjaro National Park’s legally protected zones to preserve this unique natural wonder.
Beyond conservation for ecological purposes, protecting Kilimanjaro’s trees safeguards vital resources for traditional medicine, which remains an important part of the region’s culture and healthcare.
